Introduction: Divorce is one of the most traumatic losses, and as a risk factor, leading to psychological disorders and Mental damage in the family and also to jeopardize the mental health of the society.The aim of this study was the effects of cognitive training Self-Compassion on dysfunctional attitudes and cognitive distortions in the divorcees poor., destitute.

Method: The research method was experimental with pre-test and post-test experimental and control groups. The population includes all women in the second half of 1395 because of exposure to traumatic events divorce and lack the financial ability to manage their lives, sponsored by Committee of of relief city of Gilan West (62 = N). 40 subjects were selected by simple random sampling method in two groups of 20 subjects (Department focused on compassion and the control group) were randomly assigned to. The first group, focused on compassion training for 8 sessions of one hour for the second group, which was considered as a control group. To collect information, a questionnaire for demographic information, Dysfunctional Attitudes and cognitive distortions were used. The collected data were analyzed by using analysis of covariance.

Results :The average score of dysfunctional attitudes and cognitive distortions in the group tutorials focused on caring significantly lower than the control group (P>0/001) and average education group focused on caring interpersonal rejection, unrealistic expectations of relationships , misunderstanding between the individual components of cognitive distortions significantly lower than the control group (P>0/01).

Conclusion:  group therapy training to improve their compassion to the the destitute dysfunctional attitudes and cognitive distortions in the divorcees had an impact.