Transdiagnostic model of healing from marital infidelity with emphasis on the role of metacognitions, schemas, intimacy, emotional efficiency and forgiveness

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Ph.D. student in Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Introduction: Infidelity is a common issue in couple therapy and is known as a common and challenging clinical problem for both clients and therapists. The aim of present research was to evaluate the fit of the transdiagnostic model of healing from marital infidelity.
Method: The research method was a descriptive-correlational type of structural equation model. The statistical population of the research included all betrayed women who had referred to counseling centers in Tehran in 2019. These women had not received any therapeutic measure before this research. From this population, 400 people were selected using available sampling method. Participants were assessed with the questionnaires of the relationship healing after marital infidelity (Momeni, 2013), the Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30) (Wales, 2004), early maladaptive schemas (Young, 1998), Bagarozzi intimacy (Bagarozzi, 2001), Forgiveness (Ray, 2001), and Emotional Efficiency (Mazlum et al., Subprint). Data were analyzed using structural equation method and LISREL and SPSS software.
Results: The results showed that the early maladaptive schema (T-Value= -3.93), metacognition (T-Value= -2.05), emotional efficiency (T-Value= 3.41), intimacy in the relationship (T-Value= 4.53) and forgiveness based on personal values (T-Value= 6.24) had a significant direct and indirect effect on healing from marital infidelity. The early maladaptive scheme did not have a significant direct effect on forgiveness (T-Value= -1.77). In addition, there was no significant effect in mediating forgiveness between the early maladaptive schema and healing from marital infidelity (T-Sobel= -1.113). The results of structural equation modeling indicated that the transdiagnostic model of healing from marital infidelity could predict healing from infidelity (R2= 79). The present model had a good fit with the research sample data.
(RMSEA=0.013, Chi-Square/df=1.073, SRMR=0.023, GFI=0.88, AGFI=0.87, NFI=0.99, CFI=1, IFI=1, RFI=0.99).
Discussion and conclusion: According to the achieved results, it can be concluded that this model can improve the researches related to the healing from marital infidelity and facilitate clinical treatments related to this issue.

Keywords

References

1- Gordon KC, Baucom DH, Snyder DK, Dixon LJ. Couple therapy and the treatment of affairs. Clinical handbook of couple therapy. 2008: 429-58.
2- Baucom DH, Snyder DK, Gordon KC. Helping couples get past the affair: A clinician's guide. Guilford Press; 2011 Feb 18.
3- Fife ST, Weeks GR, Stellberg‐Filbert J. Facilitating forgiveness in the treatment of infidelity: An interpersonal model. Journal of Family Therapy. 2013 Nov;35(4):343-67.
4- Karris M, Caldwell BE. Integrating emotionally focused therapy, self-compassion, and compassion-focused therapy to assist shame-prone couples who have experienced trauma. The Family Journal. 2015 Oct;23(4):346-57.
5- Barlow DH, Ellard KK, Fairholme CP. Unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders: Workbook. Oxford University Press; 2010 Dec 14.
6- هارلی، ویلارد و چالمرز، جنیفر. رهایی از خیانت زناشویی، ترجمه شمس‌الدین حسینی و الهام آرام‌نیا. تهران: انتشارات نسل نواندیش، 1385.
7- Bird MH, Butler MH, Fife ST. The process of couple healing following infidelity: A qualitative study. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy. 2007 Dec 14; 6(4):1-25.
8- Johnson SM. Broken bonds: An emotionally focused approach to infidelity. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy. 2005 Sep 13;4(2-3):17-29.
9- Olson MM, Russell CS, Higgins‐Kessler M, Miller RB. Emotional processes following disclosure of an extramarital affair. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy. 2002 Oct; 28(4):423-34.
10- Rokach A, Philibert-Lignières G. Intimacy, loneliness & infidelity. The Open Psychology Journal. 2015 May 15;8(1). pp. 71-77.
11- Bravo IM, White Lumpkin P. The complex case of marital infidelity: An explanatory model of contributory processes to facilitate psychotherapy. The American Journal of Family Therapy. 2010 Sep 30; 38(5):421-32.
12- Stanford PS. A Review of “Intimacy After Infidelity: How to Rebuild & Affair-Proof Your Marriage” Solomon, SD, & Teagno, LJ Oakland, CA: New Harbringer Publications, 2006, 189 pp., $14.95 (paperback).
13- Porjorat M. A comparative study of early maladaptive schemas in women with marital infidelity experience and those who didn't have such an experience. Acta Medica International. 2016 Jan 1; 3(1):89.
14- سیمونه، چپارا؛ دیفرانسسکو، اکهاردردیگر؛ استیونس، بروس. طرح‌واره درمانی برای زوج‌ها، ترجمه شهرام محمدخانی و همکاران. تهران: انتشارات ابن‌سینا، 1397.
15- Mullet E, Neto F, Riviere S. Personality and its effects on resentment, revenge, forgiveness, and self-forgiveness. Handbook of forgiveness. 2005 Jun 21; 159-81.
16- Cunningham L, Cardoso Y. Loving kindness meditation and couples therapy: Healing after an infidelity. Ideas and Research You Can Use: VISTAS. 2012;1(9):1-0.
17- Fife ST, Weeks GR, Stellberg‐Filbert J. Facilitating forgiveness in the treatment of infidelity: An interpersonal model. Journal of Family Therapy. 2013 Nov;35(4):343-67.
18- Legaree TA, Turner J, Lollis S. Forgiveness and therapy: A critical review of conceptualizations, practices, and values found in the literature. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy. 2007 Apr;33(2):192-213.
19- Gafoorian,P. &Hassanabadi. H. (2016). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Thought Control and Meta Cognitive Beliefs among Females Experienced Extramarital Affairs Trauma. International Journal of Women’s Health and Wellness,:2016: 2(22): 41-56.
20- Bennett H, Wells A. Metacognition, memory disorganization and rumination in posttraumatic stress symptoms. Journal of anxiety Disorders. 2010 Apr 1; 24(3): 318-25.
21- ولز، آدریان. راهنمای عملی درمان فراشناختی اضطراب و افسردگی، ترجمه شهرام محمدخانی. تهران: انتشارات ورای دانش، 1395.
22- مک‌کی، متیو و وست، آپریلیا. درمان مبتنی بر کارآمدی هیجانی، ترجمه شهرام محمدخانی، الیاس اکبری، محمد خالقی. تهران: انتشارات ابن‌سینا، 1397.
  23- McEvoy PM, Nathan P, Norton PJ. Efficacy of transdiagnostic treatments: A review of published outcome studies and future research directions. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy. 2009 Feb 1;23(1):20-33.
24- Wetterneck CT, Hart JM. Intimacy is a transdiagnostic problem for cognitive behavior therapy: Functional Analytical Psychotherapy is a solution. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy. 2012;7(2-3):167.
25- Martin JL, Ashby JS. Perfectionism and fear of intimacy: Implications for relationships. The Family Journal. 2004 Oct;12(4):368-74.
26- Weeks GR, Fife ST. Couples in treatment: Techniques and approaches for effective practice. Routledge; 2014 Jan 10.
27- موتابی، فرشته و فتی، لادن. راه و رسم درمانگری در نظریه شناختی و رفتاری. تهران: انتشارات دانژه، 1396.
28- Fenell DL. Characteristics of long-term first marriages. Journal of Mental Health Counseling. 1993 Oct.:15: 446–460.
29- Donahue JJ, McClure KS, Moon SM. The relationship between emotion regulation difficulties and psychopathic personality characteristics. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment. 2014 Apr; 5(2):186.
30- ذوالفقاری، مریم؛ فاتحی‌زاده، مریم؛ عابدی، محمدرضا. تعیین رابطه بین طرح‌واره‌های ناسازگار اولیه با ابعاد صمیمیت زناشویی زوجین شهر اصفهان. مجله خانواده‌پژوهی، 1387: 4 (3): 247-261.
31- مک‌کی، متیو؛ فنینگ، پاتریک؛ پالگ، کیم. مهارت‌های زندگی زناشویی، ترجمه شهرام محمدخانی و قدرت عابدی. تهران: انتشارات ابن‌سینا، 1397.
32- Boyes,A. &Fletcher,J. (2007). Metaperceptions of Bias in Intimate Relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,:Vol 92(2): pp. 286–306.
33- Schade,L. &Sandberg,G. (2012).Healing the Attachment injury of marital infidelity using emotionally focused couples therapy: A case illustration.The American journal of family therapy,:Vol 40: pp. 434-444.
34- Goldie,M. (2013). Infidelity and Forgiveness: Therapists' Views on Reconciliation and Restoration of Trust Following Disclosure of Infidelity. (doctoral dissertation). Brigham Young University.provo.
 35- نامنی، ابراهیم؛ محمدی‌پور، محمد؛ نوری، جعفر. اثربخشی درمان هیجان مدار به شیوه گروهی بر بخشودگی بین فردی و امید در زنان مطلقه. فصلنامه فرهنگ مشاوره و روان‌درمانی. 1395: 8 (29): 56- 78.
36- بساک‌نژاد، سودابه؛ امان‌الهی، عباس؛ سعادتمند، خدیجه. اثربخشی زوج‌درمانی مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد بر صمیمیت و بخشش زوج‌ها. مجله روانشناسی خانواده، 1396: 4 (1) : 41-52.
37- سیفی‌زاده آرانی، حامد؛ زارعی‌محمودآبادی، حسن؛ بخشایش، علیرضا. رابطه طرح‌واره‌های ناسازگار اولیه و سازگاری زناشویی باواسطه‌گری ترس از صمیمیت در متأهلین. مجله خانواده پژوهشی، 1398 : 15 (4): 467-486.
38- ehsan HB, bahramizadeh H. Early maladaptive schemas and agreeableness in personality five factor model. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2011;30:547-51.
39- Solomon Z, Dekel R, Zerach G. Posttraumatic stress disorder and marital adjustment: The mediating role of forgiveness. Family Process. 2009 Dec;48(4):546-58.
40- Kimmes JG, Durtschi JA. Forgiveness in romantic relationships: The roles of attachment, empathy, and attributions. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy. 2016 Oct;42(4):645-58.
41- Flanagan KS, Hoek KK, Ranter JM, Reich HA. The potential of forgiveness as a response for coping with negative peer experiences. Journal of Adolescence. 2012 Oct 1;35(5):1215-23.
42- Fincham FD, Hall J, Beach SR. Forgiveness in marriage: Current status and future directions. Family Relations. 2006 Oct;55(4):415-27.
43- کاف، تکنوری و مارکولایدز، جرج. مبانی مدل‌یابی معادلات ساختاری، ترجمه بلال ایزانلو، محسن دهقانی، مجتبی حبیبی عسگرآبادی. تهران: انتشارات رشد، 1393.
44- مؤمنی‌جاوید، مهرآور؛ شعاع‌کاظمی، مهرانگیز؛ پورشهریاری، مه‌سیما. بررسی تأثیر مشاوره گروهی با رویکرد بین فردی بر بهبود روابط زناشویی مادران خیانت‌دیده. فصلنامه مطالعات روان‌شناختی، 1394: 11 (2) : 87-113.
45- آیت‌مهر، فاطمه و صادق‌پور، سامان. مقایسه کارآمدی درمان فراشناختی و درمان شناختی – رفتاری در کاهش باورهای فراشناختی، باورهای آمیختگی، نشانگان توقف درونی و باورهای کنترل/خطر در افراد وسواس شستشو. مجله روانشناسی و روان‌پزشکی شناخت، 1397: 5 (1): 1-17.
 46- Rafiee S, Hatami A, Foroughi A. Relationship between early maladaptive schema and attachment style in woman with infidelity. 2011: 2(1): 21-36.
47- اعتمادی، عذرا؛ جابری، سمیه؛ احمدی، سیداحمد. بررسی رابطه مهارت‌های ارتباطی با صمیمیت زناشویی. مجله پژوهش‌های علوم شناختی و رفتاری. 1394: 5 (9): 143-152.
48- خمسه، اکرم؛ حسینیان، سیمین. بررسی تفاوت‌های جنسیتی بین ابعاد گوناگون صمیمیت در دانشجویان متأهل. فصلنامه مطالعات زنان. 1387: 6 (1) : 42-53.
49- Zandipur T. The relationshipForgiveness with life satisfaction in women married non-native students of Tehran University.journal of Social Studies - Psychological women, 2002: 5(3): 109-122.
50- Mazloom, M., Mohammadkhani, Sh., Akbari, M., West, A,. & Hasani, JP. sychometric properties of the Persian version of the emotion efficacy scale2. (unpublished manuscript).
51- هومن، حیدرعلی. مدل‌یابی معادلات ساختاری با کاربرد نرم‌افزار لیزرل. تهران:انتشارات سمت، 1388.
52- Mazloom M, Yaghubi H, Mohammadkhani S. Post-traumatic stress symptom, metacognition, emotional schema and emotion regulation: A structural equation model. Personality and Individual Differences. 2016 Jan 1;88:94-8.
53- Fincham FD, Paleari FG, Regalia C. Forgiveness in marriage: The role of relationship quality, attributions, and empathy. Personal Relationships. 2002 Mar;9(1):27-37.
54- وورل، مایکل. زوج‌درمانی شناختی رفتاری، ترجمه شهرام محمدخانی و محمد امین‌زاده. تهران: انتشارات ابن‌سینا، 1398.
55- Young JE, Gluhoski V. A schema-focused perspective on satisfaction in close relationships. Satisfaction in close relationships. 2010:356-81.
56- عبدل‌پور، قاسم؛ خانجانی، زینب؛ علیلو، مجید؛ فخاری، علی. اثربخشی درمان فراشناختی بر باورهای فراشناختی بیماران مبتلا به اختلال استرس پس از سانحه. مجله طنین سلامت. 1394: 16 (3) : 16-24.
57- Butler MH, Harper JM, Seedall RB. Facilitated disclosure versus clinical accommodation of infidelity secrets: An early pivot point in couple therapy. Part 1: Couple relationship ethics, pragmatics, and attachment. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy. 2009 Jan;35(1):125-43.
 58- Weeks GR, Fife ST. Couples in treatment: Techniques and approaches for effective practice. Rutledge; 2014 Jan 10.
59- Kring, A. M.,& Sloan, D. M. Emotion regulation and psychopathology: A Tran diagnostic approach to etiology and treatment.New York: Guilford Press, 2010.
60- Vimz, B., & Pina, W. The assessment of emotion regulation improving construct. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment,: 2010 : 132(1): 1-7.
61- McEvoy, P. M., Nathan, P., & Norton, P. J. Efficacy of trans diagnostic treatments: A review of published outcome studies and future research directions. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 2009: 23(1): 20-33.
62- Fife, S., &Weeks, R. Treating infidelity: An integrative approach. The family journal: Counseling and therapy for couples and families, 2008: l16(4): 316-323.
 63- زارع درخشان, احترام, روشن چسلی, رسول. رابطه بین رضایت جنسی، خودکارآمدی جنسی و شادکامی بر رضایت زناشویی: نقش میانجی ناگویی هیجانی. روانشناسی بالینی و شخصیت
doi: 10.22070/cpap.2020.2918
64- پاک‌نیت، معصومه؛ روشن چلسی، رسول. پیش بینی رضایت زناشویی براساس هیجان خواهی، صمیمیت، عملکرد جنسی و ویژگی های شخصیتی در پرستاران. مجله روان شناسی بالینی و شخصیت، 1397: 16 (1)، صص 159-178.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics