Determining the Reliability and Validity of the Persian Version of Brief Problem MonitorTM for Ages 18-59 in Students

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Master of Clinical Psychology, University of Shahed, Tehran, Iran.

2 Associate Professor of clinical Psychology Department, University of Shahed, Tehran, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychology Department, University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: Since the 1960s, the Achenbach Experience-Based Assessment System (ASEBA) has been utilized for diagnosing mental disorders. The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brief Problem Monitoring Test for Ages 18 to 59 (BPM/18-59) within a non-clinical Iranian sample.
Method: A Persian version was created by translating, retranslating, and obtaining approval for the final version of the translation from the instrument manufacturer. Afterward, the BPM/18-59 form was administered to a sample of 337 undergraduate students from the University of Tehran and Tehran University of Medical Sciences during the 2019-2020 academic year, utilizing a convenience sampling method. Additionally, 58 individuals from the subjects' surroundings completed the "Other" form. To calculate the test-retest coefficient of this tool, a retest was administered to 41 participants from the initial sample after an interval of two weeks. To assess the concurrent validity of this tool, the ASRSI-v I.I, DASS-21, GHQ-28, BSI-53, and AAI questionnaires were utilized. Data analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation, confirmatory factor analysis, and hierarchical regression.
Results: The findings indicate a significant correlation between BPM/18-59 and other tools (P < 0.001); therefore, it demonstrates acceptable levels of concurrent validity. The two-week test-retest reliability and Cronbach's alpha for the BPM/18-59 self-report were 0.70 and 0.85, respectively, while the Cronbach's alpha for bystander reports was 0.72. Additionally, factor analysis demonstrated a good fit for the initial three-factor model.
Discussion and Conclusion: BPM/18-59 demonstrates appropriate psychometric properties for application in research and clinical trials involving Iranian individuals.

Keywords

References

  1.  

    1. Sadock BJ, Virginia A, Pedro R. Kaplan & Sadock's synopsis of psychiatry: behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry: LWW; 2015.
    2. Association AP. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®): American Psychiatric Pub; 2013.
    3. Almeida MSC, Sousa Filho LFd, Rabello PM, Santiago BM. International Classification of Diseases–11th revision: from design to implementation. Revista de Saúde Pública. 2020; 54: 104. scielo.br/j/rsp/a/dsS4mjDwZsNQ4BGZRnpXjSs/?format=pdf
    4. Achenbach TM. Multicultural Perspectives on Assessment and Taxonomy of Psychopathology. In: Taylor. E, Verhulst. F, Wong. J, Yoshida. K, editors. Mental Health and Illness of Children and Adolescents Mental Health and Illness Worldwide. Singapore: Springer; 2020. 39-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2348-4_8
    5. Achenbach TM. The classification of children's psychiatric symptoms: a factor-analytic study. Psychological Monographs: general and applied. 1966; 80(7): 1. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0093906
    6. Achenbach T, Ivanova M. Manual for the ASEBA Brief Problem Monitor™ for ages 18-59 (BPM/18-59). Burlington: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, and Families; 2018.
    7. Achenbach T, McConaughy S, Ivanova M, Rescorla L. Manual for the ASEBA brief problem monitor (BPM). Burlington, VT: ASEBA. 2011:1-33. School-age-bpm-manual.pdf.pdf
    8. Achenbach T, Rescorla L. Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms and profiles. Burlington: University of Vermont, Research center for children. youth& families. 2001.
    9. Achenbach TM, Newhouse P, Rescorla L. Manual for the ASEBA older adult forms and profiles. Burlington: University of Vermont, Research center for children. yout & families. 2004.
    10. Achenbach TM, Rescorla L. Manual for the ASEBA adult forms and profiles. Burlington: University of Vermont, Research center for children. youth & families. 2003.
    11. Achenbach TM, Rescorla LA. Manual for the ASEBA preschool forms and profiles: Burlington, VT: University of Vermont. Research center for children. youth & families.2000.
    12. McConaughy S, Achenbach TM. Manual for the semistructured clinical interview for children and adolescents (2nd Ed.). . Burlington: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children. Youth & families. 2001.
    13. McConaughy S, Achenbach TM. Manual for the test observation form for ages 2–18. Burlington: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children. Youth & families. 2004.
    14. McConaughy S, Achenbach TM. Manual for the ASEBA direct observation form for ages 6–11. Burlington: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children. Youth & families.2009.
    15. Maddux JE, Winstead BA. Psychopathology: Foundations for a contemporary understanding: Routledge; 2015.
    16. Bakhtiari M, Yazdandost R, Birashk B, Ghazi Tabatabie M. Relationship between Control-related Beliefs with Externalizing and Internalizing Psychopathology in Children. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2007; 13(2): 140-7. Relationship between Control-related Beliefs with Externalizing and Internalizing Psychopathology in Children - Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology - مجله روانپزشکی و روانشناسی بالینی ایران
    17. Achenbach TM. Empirically based assessment and taxonomy: Applications to clinical research. Psychological assessment. 1995; 7(3): 261. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/1040-3590.7.3.261
    18. Achenbach TM, Edelbrock CS. The classification of child psychopathology: a review and analysis of empirical efforts. Psychological bulletin. 1978; 85(6): 1275. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0033-2909.85.6.1275
    19. Cummings EM, Davies PT, Campbell SB. Developmental psychopathology and family process: Theory, research, and clinical implications: Guilford Publications; 2020.
    20. Krueger RF, Markon KE, Patrick CJ, Iacono WG. Externalizing psychopathology in adulthood: a dimensional-spectrum conceptualization and its implications for DSM-V. Journal of abnormal psychology. 2005; 114(4): 537. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843x.114.4.537
    21. Minaei A. Adaptation and Standardization of Child Behavior Checklist, Youth Self-Report, and Teacher's Report Forms. Journal of Exceptional Children. 2006; 6(1) (19)‌: 529-58. https://www.magiran.com/p638149 [In Persian]
    22. Ghamari Givi H, Khoshnoudniai Chamachamaei B. Basic Factors in Children Psychopathology based on Child Behavior Check-List (CBCL). Journal of Psychology of Exceptional Individuals. 2016; 6(21):157-71. Parental and social factors in relation to child psychopathology, behavior, and cognitive function | Translational Psychiatry
    23. Habibi Asgarabad M, Besharat M, Fadaei Z, Najafi M. Confirmatory factorial Structure and Validity of the Achenbach Youth Self-Report Scale (YSR): Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2009; 1(1):1-18. https://doi.org/10.22075/jcp.2017.1993 [In Persian]
    24. Kakaberaei K, Habibi Asgarabadi M, Fadaei Z. Validation of Achenbach's Behavioral Problems: Performing the Youth Self-Report (YSR) for 11-18 Year-Old Adolescents on High School Students. Journal of Research in Psychological Health. 2008; 1(4): 50-66. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11111208
    25. Minaei A. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Teacher's Report Form (TRF). Journal of Exceptional Children. 2006; 6(3): 769-86. https://www.magiran.com/p697575 [In Persian]
    26. Minaei A. Factorial Invariance of Syndrome's Items of Achenbach's Youth Self-Report (YSR) Form. Journal of Exceptional Children. 2007; 1(23): 45-60. https://www.magiran.com/p697072 [In Persian]

     

    1. Achenbach TM, Krukowski RA, Dumenci L, Ivanova MY. Assessment of adult psychopathology: meta-analyses and implications of cross-informant correlations. Psychological bulletin. 2005; 131(3): 361. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.131.3.361
    2. Achenbach TM, Ivanova MY, Rescorla LA. Empirically based assessment and taxonomy of psychopathology for ages 1½–90+ years: Developmental, multi-informant, and multicultural findings. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 2017; 79: 4-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.03.006
    3. Goldberg D. The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire: A technique for the identification and assessment of non-psychotic illness. Oxford University Press. 1972.
    4. Taghavi S. Validity and reliability of the general health questionnaire (GHR) in college students of Shiraz University (Persian). Journal of psychology. 2002; 20(4): 381-98. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256840200_Validity_ane_Reliability_of_the_General_Health_Questionnaire_GHQ-28_in_College_Students_of_Shiraz_University
    5. Derogatis L, Lipman R, Covi L. SCL-90: an outpatient psychiatric rating scale–preliminary report. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1973; 9(1):13-28. SCL-90: an outpatient psychiatric rating scale--preliminary report - PubMed
    6. Derogatis LR, Unger R. Symptom checklist‐90‐revised. The Corsini encyclopedia of psychology. 2010: 1-2.
    7. Fallahi Kheshtmasjedi M. Normalizing SCL-90-R. Tehran: Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch; 2003.
    8. de Vries LP, van de Weijer MP, Ligthart L, Willemsen G, Dolan CV, Boomsma DI, et al. A Comparison of the ASEBA Adult Self Report (ASR) and the Brief Problem Monitor (BPM/18‑59). Behavior Genetics. 2020; (50): 363-73. A Comparison of the ASEBA Adult Self Report (ASR) and the Brief Problem Monitor (BPM/18-59) | Behavior Genetics
    9. Farahani H, Roshan Chasli R. Essentials for Developing and Validating Psychological Scales: Guide to Best Practices. Journal of Clinical Psychology and Personality. 2020; 17(2): 197-212. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341479935_Essentials_for_developing_and_validating_psychological_scales_Guide_to_best_practices
    10. Asghari Moghaddam M, Saed F, Dibajnia P, Zangane J. A Preliminary Validation of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS) in Non-Clinical Sample. Daneshvar Raftar. 200Behavior23-38.
    11. Lovibond PF, Lovibond SH. The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour research and therapy. 1995; 33(3): 335-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-u
    12. Sahebi A, Asghari M, Salari R. Validation of Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) for an Iranian Population. Journal of Developmental Psychology, Iranian Psychologists. 2005; 1(4): 299-310. www2.psy.unsw.edu.au/dass/Persian/Sahebi_article_IJP.pdf [In Persian]
    13. Kessler RC, Adler L, Ames M, Demler O, Faraone S, Hiripi E, et al. The World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS): a short screening scale for use in the general population. PsJournalgical medicine. 2005; 35(2): 245. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291704002892
    14. Mokhtari H, Rabiei M, Salimi S. Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale. Iranian Jurnal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2015; 3(82): 244-53. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.978572 [In Persian]
    15. Goldberg DP, Williams P. A user's guide to the General Health Questionnaire. (No Title). 1988 Feb 13.
    16. Derogatis LR, Melisaratos N. The brief symptom inventory: an introductory report. Psychological medicine. 1983; 13(3): 595-605. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1017/S0033291700048017
    17. Akhavan Abiri F, Shaeiri M. Validity and Reliability of Symptoms Check-list-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) and Brief Symptoms Inventory-53 (BSI-53). Journal of Clinical Psychology and Personality. 2020. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344252127_Validity_and_Reliability_of_Symptom_Checklist-90-Revised_SCL-90-R_and_Brief_Symptom_Inventory-53_BSI-53
    18. Zahedifar S, Najarian B, Shokrkon H. Construction and validation a scale for measuring aggression. Journal of education and psychology of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. 2001; 3(1): 73-102. https://doi.org/10.22055/edus.2000.16084 [In Persian]
    19. Cronbach LJ. Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of test. Psychometrika. 1951(16): 297-334. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1007/BF02310555
    20. Nunnally JC, Bernstein IH. Psychometric Theory. New York: McGraw Hill; 1994.
    21. Gray S, Woltering S, Mawjee K, Tannock R. The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS): utility in college students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. PeerJ. 2014; 2: e324. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.324

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics