Construction and Validation of Self-Affirmation Scale in Male & Female Students of Bu-Ali Sina University

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor at Department of Educational Sciences, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran

2 Psychology department, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar

3 PhD in Psychology, Faculty of Economic & Social Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: Adolescents and young adults are always looking for acceptance from others and their approval, and at the same time show signs of narcissism. The aim of this study was to construct and validate the Self-Affirmation Scale (SAS) in male and female students of Bu-Ali Sina University.
Method: The research method is applied in terms of purpose and survey in terms of methodology. 100 students were selected by available sampling method and answered Self-Affirmation and Narcissistic Personality (Ames et al., 2006) questionnaires. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation, exploratory factor analysis, and one-way analysis of variance using SPSS-25 software.
Result: The findings showed that the self-affirmation scale measures five factors including physical, cognitive, social, emotional, and moral. By Cronbach's alpha method the reliability of this tool was obtained 0.89. The correlation between self-affirmation and narcissism was positive and significant (r = 0.305, P > 0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between male and female students in terms of self-affirmation (P < 0.05) and non-significant difference in terms of narcissism (P < 0.05).
Discussion and conclusion: The findings of this study showed that, considering the psychometric indicators of the self-affirmation scale, it can be said that this scale is an appropriate and valid instrument for examining self-affirmation.

Keywords

Clinical Psychology and Personality

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 10 December 2025

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