Prediction of Covid-19 Anxiety Based on Life Orientation and Cognitive Flexibility Among Women in Baneh in 2021

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Master of Clinical Psychology, Baneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Baneh, Iran.

2 Ph.D. in Educational Psychology, Boukan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Boukan, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: Considering the emergence of covid-19 disease and the importance of the anxiety of this disease in the mental health of women, the aim of this research was to predict Covid-19 anxiety based on life orientation and cognitive flexibility among the women of Baneh City.
Method: This research is a correlational study, which was conducted cross-sectionally. The statistical population included all women in Baneh city, from which 250 people were selected using available random sampling and answered the questionnaires on Covid-19 anxiety, life orientation, and cognitive flexibility. The collected data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis with enter model SPSS-18 software.
Results: The results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between optimistic orientation and Covid-19 anxiety and its dimensions. There is a positive and significant relationship between the physical dimension of Covid-19 anxiety and pessimistic orientation. Also, there is a negative and significant relationship between cognitive flexibility and Covid-19 anxiety and the results of multiple regression analysis revealed that 7 % and 7.3% of the variance of Covid-19 anxiety is explained by optimistic orientation, Control, and Alternatives subscales.
Discussion and Conclusions: The findings showed that life orientation and cognitive flexibility play an important role in women's covid-19 anxiety. Therefore, targeting such topics in people's psychological intervention programs can be useful in reducing their covid-19 anxiety.

Keywords

References

1- Xiong, X; Chi, J ;& Gao, Q.( 2021). Prevalence and risk factors of thrombotic events on patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Thromb J, 2021; 19(32): 2-9. doi. 10.1177/1076029620967083.
2- Li, S; Wang, Y; Xue, J; Zhao, N;& Zhu, T. The Impact of COVID-19 Epidemic Declaration on Psychological Consequences: A Study on Active Weibo Users. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020; 17(6): 20- 32. doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062032.
3- Zangrillo, A; Beretta, L; Silvani, P; Colombo, S; Scandroglio, A. M;& Dell’Acqua, et al. Fast reshaping of intensive care unit facilities in a large metropolitan hospital in Milan, Italy: facing the COVID-19 pandemic emergency. Crit Care Resusc, 2020; 22(2): 91–94. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i17.3691.
4- شهیاد، شیما، محمدی، محمدتقی. آثار روان‌شناختی گسترش کووید 19 بر وضعیت سلامت روان افراد جامعه: مطالعه مروری. مجله طب نظامی، 1399؛ 22 (2): 192-184.
5- Wu, Y; Zhang, C; Liu, H;& et al. Perinatal depressive and anxiety symptoms of pregnant women during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in China. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2020; 223(2): 240.e1-240.e9. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2020.05.009.
6- Thibaut, F;& Wijngaarden-Cremers, PJM. Women's Mental Health in the Time of Covid-19 Pandemic. Front Glob Womens Health, 2020; 1:588372. doi: 10.3389/fgwh.2020.588372.
7- Que, J; Shi, L; Deng, J;& et al. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study in China. Gen Psychiatr, 2020;33(3):e100259. doi:10.1136/gpsych-2020-100259.
8- امانی، رزیتا. نقش کارکرد خانواده در اضطراب و افسردگی نوجوانان. مجله روان‌شناسی بالینی و شخصیت دانشگاه شاهد، 1394؛ 13 (2): 84-77.
9- علی‌پور، احمد، قدمی، ابوالفضل، علی‌پور، زهرا، عبداله‌زاده، حسن. اعتباریابی مقدماتی مقیاس اضطراب بیماری کرونا (CDAS) در نمونه ایرانی. مجله علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، 1398؛ 8 (32): 175-163.
10- جان‌بزرگی، مسعود، نوری، ناهید، حیدری‌زاد، مهدیه، جان‌بزرگی، عرفانه، جان‌بزرگی، امین، نظری، مژگان. اثربخشی درمان معنوی خداسو و درمان‌های غیرمعنوی در مدیریت استرس ناشی از بحران شیوع کرونا و طراحی مقدماتی الگوی معنوی مداخله روان‌شناختی در بحران کرونا. مجله روان‌شناسی بالینی و شخصیت دانشگاه شاهد، 1399؛ 18 (1): 214-201.

11- Hinz, A; Sander, CH; Glaesmer, H; Brähler, E; Zenger, M; Hilbert, A;& Kocalevent, R. Optimism and pessimism in the general population: Psychometric properties of the Life Orientation Test(LOT- R). Int j clin Health Psychol, 2017; 17: 161-17. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2017.02.003.
12- Cano-García, F. J; Sanduvete-Chaves, S; Chacón-Moscoso, S; Rodríguez-Franco, L; García-Martínez, J; Antu ̃na-Bellerín, M ;& Pérez-Gil, J. A. Factor structure of the Spanish ver-sion of the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R). Testing several models. Int j clin Health Psychol, 2015; 15: 139-148. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2015.01.003.
13- Jovančević, A;& Milićević, N. Optimism-pessimism, conspiracy theories and general trust as factors contributing to COVID-19 related behavior - A cross-cultural study. Pers Individ Dif,  2020;167:110216. Doi.10.1016/j.paid.2020.110216.
14- Druică, E; Musso, F;& Ianole-Călin, R. Optimism Bias during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Empirical Evidence from Romania and Italy. Games, 2020; 11(3):39. Doi. 10.3390/g11030039.
15- Ionescu, T. Exploring the nature of cognitive flexibility. New Ideas Psychol, 2012; 30(2):190–200. doi.org/10.1016/j.newideapsych.2011.11.001.
16- Bonanno, GA; & Burton, CL. Regulatory Flexibility: An Individual Differences Perspective on Coping and Emotion Regulation. Perspect Psychol Sci, 2013;8(6):591-612. doi.10.1177/1745691613504116.
17- Kalia, V; Knauft, K;& Hayatbini, N. Cognitive flexibility and perceived threat from COVID-19 mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and state anxiety. PLoS One, 2020; 11;15(12):e0243881. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0243881.
18- مقدم­پور، نیلوفر، سپهوند، تورج. پیش­بینی اضطراب اجتماعی کودکان دبستانی بر اساس مشکلات در تنظیم هیجانی و انعطاف­پذیری شناختی مادران. فصلنامه­ی سلامت روان کودک، 1397؛ 24-14.  
19- Rosa-Alcázar, Á; Olivares-Olivares, PJ; Martínez-Esparza, IC; Parada-Navas, JL; Rosa-Alcázar, AI;& Olivares-Rodríguez, J. Cognitive flexibility and response inhibition in patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Int J Clin Health Psychol, 2020; 20(1):20-28. doi: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2019.07.006.
20- رحمانی، رامین، سرگزی، ونوس، شیرزایی‌ جلالی، مهدی، بابامیری، محمد. بررسی اضطراب ناشی از کرونا و ارتباط آن با فرسودگی شغلی در کارکنان بیمارستان: مطالعه مقطعی در جنوب شرق ایران. مجله مهندسی بهداشت حرفه‌ای، 1399؛ 7 (4): 69-61.
21- سعدی‌پور، اسماعیل، دلاور، علی، چیناوی، علی، سلم‌آبادی، مجتبی. اث‍رب‍خ‍شی‌ آموزش‌ م‍ع‍ارف‌ م‍ه‍دوی‌ ب‍ر ب‍ه‍زیستی روان‌ش‍ن‍اختی‌ و ج‍ه‍ت‌گ‍ی‍ری‌ زن‍دگی. دین و سلامت، 1394؛ 3 (2): 28-19. ‌
22- تقی‌زاده، محمداحسان، فرمانی، اعظم. بررسی نقش انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی در پیش‌بینی نومیدی و تاب‌آوری در دانشجویان. فصلنامه روان‌شناسی شناختی، 1392؛ 1 (2): 75-67.
23- McColl,  K; Debin, M; Souty, C; Guerrisi, C; Turbelin, C; Falchi, A; Bonmarin, I; Paolotti, D; Obi, C; Duggan, J; et al. Are People Optimistically Biased about the Risk of COVID-19 Infection? Lessons from the First Wave of the Pandemic in Europe. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022; 19: 436. doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010436.
24- Sajita, S; Krägeloh, Ch; Bandyopadhyay, G;& Subramaniam, K. Inculcating Dispositional Optimism for Prevention of Mental and Substance Use Disorders Throughout and After the Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic. Altern Complement Ther, 2021; 27(2):68-78. doi.org/10.1089/act.2021.29322.sse.
 
25- Bredal, I. S; Grimholt, T. K; Bonsaksen, T; Skogstad, L; Heir, T;& Ekeberg, Q. Optimists' and pessimists' self-reported mental and global health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway. Health Psychol Rep, 2021; 9(2): 1-9. doi.10.5114/hpr.2021.103123.
26- Arslan, G; Yıldırım, M; Tanhan, A; Buluş, M;& Allen, K. A. Coronavirus Stress, Optimism-Pessimism, Psychological Inflexibility, and Psychological Health: Psychometric Properties of the Coronavirus Stress Measure. Int J Ment Health Addict, 2020; 1–17. doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00337-6.
27- Raude, J; Debin, M; Souty, C; Guerrisi, C; Turbelin, C; Falchi, A;& Colizza, V. Are people excessively pessimistic about the risk of coronavirus infection? Health Psychol Rep, 2020; 2: 10-17. doi: 10.31234/osf.io/364qj.
 
28- Xie, X. F; Stone, E; Zheng, R;& Zhang, R. G. The ‘typhoon eye effect’: Determinants of distress during the SARS epidemic. J Risk Res, 2011, 14(9):1091–1107. doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2011.571790.
29- Furnham, A. Commercial conspiracy theories: A pilot study. Front Psychol, 2013; 4: 1-5. doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00379.
30- Inozu, M; Gök, BG; Tuzun, D;& Haciomeroglu, AB. Does cognitive flexibility change the nature of the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and psychological symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak in Turkey? Curr Psychol, 2022; 4:1-12. doi: 10.1007/s12144-021-02450-8.
31- Demirtas, AS. Predictive roles of state hope and cognitive control/flexibility in state anxiety during COVID-19 outbreak in Turkey. Dusunen Adam The j psychiatry Neurol Sci, 2021; 34:89-96. Doi. 10.14744/DAJPNS.2020.0012.
 
32- Troy, AS; Shallcross, AJ;& Mauss, IB. A person-by-situation approach to emotion regulation: Cognitive reappraisal can either help or hurt, depending on the context. Psychol Sci, 2013; 24(12):2505–14. doi: 10.1177/0956797613496434.
33- رحیم‌زادگان، شیوا، عطادخت، اکبر. پیش‌بینی اضطراب کرونا بر اساس انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی و تمایزیافتگی خود در بیماران دارای اختلال وسواس فکری- عملی. فصلنامه اندیشه و رفتار در روان‌شناسی بالینی، 1400؛ 15 (58): 36-27.  
34- Dajani, DR;& Uddin, LQ. Demystifying cognitive flexibility: Implications for clinical and developmental neu roscience. Trends Neurosci, 2015; 38(9):571–8. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2015.07.003.
35- Okon-Singer, H. The role of attention bias to threat in anxiety: mechanisms, modulators and open questions. Curr Opin Behav Sci, 2018; 1: 19:26–30. doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.09.008.
 
 

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics