اعتباریابی و رواسازی مقیاس خودگزارشی ADHD بزرگسالان کانرز (CAARS–S:SV) در جمعیت ایرانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه خوارزمی

2 دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی

چکیده

مقدمه: اختلال کمبود توجه و بیش‌فعالی اغلب تا دوران بزرگسالی ادامه می‌یابد. ابزارهای تشخیص این اختلال در کودکی، روایی و اعتبار مناسبی دارد، اما تشخیص آن در بزرگسالان کماکان با مشکلاتی همراه است. بنابراین اقداماتی در جهت ایجاد ملاک‌های اختصاصی برای تشخیص اختلال کمبود توجه و بیش‌فعالی بزرگسالان نیاز است. در حال حاضر نسخه‌های متنوع مقیاس‌های درجه‌بندی اختلال کمبود توجه -بیش‌فعالی بزرگسالان کانرز،  استاندارد بین‌المللی برای ارزیابی این اختلال دارد.
روش: این مطالعه به اعتباریابی، رواسازی و بررسی ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی فرم فارسی نسخه خودگزارش‌دهی مقیاس درجه‌بندی اختلال کمبود‌ توجهی - بیش‌فعالی بزرگسالان کانرز  می‌پردازد. روش مطالعه تحلیلی - توصیفی از نوع مطالعات همبستگی – روان‌سنجی است. به‌منظور بررسی ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی پرسشنامه در جمعیت بهنجار نمونه‌ای شامل 1021 آزمودنی نسخه خودگزارش‌دهی مقیاس درجه‌بندی اختلال کمبود توجه - بیش‌فعالی بزرگسالان کانرز و متغیرهای دموگرافیک را تکمیل کردند. برای تعیین همسانی درونی و ثبات آزمون از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ و همبستگی بین دو اجرا با فاصله‌ی 4 هفته‌ی آزمون استفاده شد. برای بررسی ساختار عاملی مدل فارسی و تأیید ساختار عاملی فرم اصلی آمریکایی، تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و تأییدی انجام شد. همچنین، به‌منظور بررسی روایی ملاک یا روایی تفکیکی پرسشنامه، نمونه‌ای شامل 77 بزرگسال مبتلا به اختلال کمبود توجه و بیش‌فعالی و 79 آزمودنی سالم به‌عنوان گروه کنترل انتخاب شدند. تشخیص اختلال کمبود توجه و بیش‌فعالی از طریق مصاحبه‌ی بالینی ساختاریافته بر اساس «دی. اس. ام.» انجام گرفت.
نتایج: تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی از طریق روش محورهای اصلی، با توجه به چرخش متمایل ابلیمین، انجام شد. آزمون کیزر – میر - اکلین، برای بررسی کیفیت نمونه‌گیری برابر با 0.912 و مقدار کرویت بارتلت با درجه آزادی 435 برابر با 2011.36 (0.0001>p)، به‌دست آمد، که هر دو مقدار نشان دهنده‌ی مناسب بودن انجام تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی است. لازم به ذکر است که مدل سه عاملی، 68 درصد از واریانس متغیرها را تبیین کرد. همچنین، نتایج بدست آمده حاکی از همسانی درونی یا ضریب آلفای کرونباخ بسیار بالا برای خرده‌مقیاس‌های پرسشنامه است. مقدار ضریب آلفای کرونباخ برای سه عامل به ترتیب برابر با 0.802، 0.758 و 0.869 به‌دست آمد. نسخه‌ی فارسی مقیاس درجه‌بندی اختلال کمبود توجه - بیش‌فعالی بزرگسالان کانرز: نسخه غربال‌گری خودگزارشی آن پرسشنامه روایی برای تشخیص‌گذاری بین بزرگسالان مبتلا به اختلال کمبود توجه و بیش‌فعالی و سالم است. نتایج تحلیل عاملی تأییدی بر اساس 30 سئوال مقیاس، با مدل اصلی آمریکایی برازش بالایی را نشان داد. به‌عبارت‌دیگر، شاخص‌های برازش تحلیل عاملی تأییدی برازش بالایی را نشان دادند. نتایج بازآزمایی در دو اجرای پرسشنامه حاکی از ثبات این تست در جمعیت ایرانی است.
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس یافته‌های به‌دست آمده می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که مقیاس درجه‌بندی اختلال کمبود توجه - بیش‌فعالی بزرگسالان کانرز: نسخه غربال‌گری خودگزارشی دارای اعتبار و روایی بالا و همچنین، ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی مناسبی است و نشان می‌دهد استفاده از این پرسشنامه در جمعیت ایرانی مناسب است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Validation of the Persian version of the Conner’s Adult ADHD Rating Scales–self-report (CAARS-S-SV)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Moghadasin 1
  • Parvin Dibajnia 2
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objectives: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often persists into adulthood. Instruments for diagnosing ADHD in childhood are well validated and reliable, but diagnosis of ADHD in adults remains problematic. Attempts have been made to develop criteria specific for adult ADHD, resulting in the development of self-report and observer-rated questionnaires. To date, the Conner’s Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS) are the international standard for questionnaire assessment of ADHD.
Methods: The current study evaluates a Persian version of the CAARS self-report (CAARS-S-SV). Method of study is analytic-descriptive, from type of studies correlation-psychometric. In order to study the psychometric properties of the questionnaire in normal population, 1021 subject were recruited to fill out the CAARS-S-SV. To determine internal consistency and test consistency, Cronbach's alpha and the correlation between test-retest and test were used. An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed to examine the Farsi factor structure and confirm the structure of the original American version. Also, in order to determinate the Criterion validity or diagnostic validity, the sample consisted of 74 adult with ADHD and 75 controls. A case-control study was carried out (adult ADHD vs. non-ADHD). The diagnosis of ADHD was evaluated with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I).
 
Results: Factor analysis was done with a Principle axis factoring analysis followed by an Oblimin rotation. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy tests was .912 (remarkable) and the Bartlett’s test of sphericity was 3 (435) = 2011.36, P < .0001, indicating the appropriateness of the factor analysis. This three-factor model accounted for 68% of the explained variance. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the three factors was 0.802, 0.758 and 0.869 respectively. The Persion version of the CAARS–S: SV is a valid and reliable scale to discriminate between ADHD adults and controls. A confirmative analysis that was based on the 30 items of the original American model showed a high model-fit. Also, the results confirm the internal consistency and stability of the test.
Discussion and Conclusions: The confirmative factor analysis results in such a high model-fit that use of the American version is justified with respect to international multicenter studies, for which this instrument will be highly valuable.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
  • Adult ADHD
  • Construct validity
  • Convergent Validity
  • reliability
  • Internal consistency and Test-retest

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روانشناسی بالینی و شخصیت
دوره 18، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 34
34
فروردین 1399
صفحه 177-199

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