مقایسه اثربخشی آموزش روان‌‌شناسی مثبت‌نگر و مصاحبه انگیزشی بر سبک زندگی و سرمایه روان‌شناختی در افراد مبتلا به دیابت نوع 2

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری تخصصی روان‌شناسی، گروه روان‌شناسی، واحد شاهرود، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شاهرود، ایران .

2 استادیار، گروه روان‌شناسی، واحد شاهرود، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شاهرود، ایران .

3 استادیار، گروه روان شناسی، واحد شاهرود، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شاهرود، ایران

4 رئیس انجمن دیابت ایران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: دیابت یک بیماری مزمن است که به درمان طولانی، مراقبت و اصلاح در شیوه زندگی نیاز دارد. علاوه بر مکانیسم‌های زیستی درگیر، عاملی که می‌تواند در بیماری دیابت اثرگذار باشد، عوامل روان‌شناختی است؛ بنابراین، هدف مطالعه مقایسه اثربخشی آموزش روان‌شناسی مثبت‌نگر و مصاحبه انگیزشی بر سبک زندگی و سرمایه روان‌شناختی در افراد مبتلا به دیابت نوع 2 بود.
روش: روش پژوهش ‌آزمایشی از نوع پیش‌آزمون-پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری شامل 45 بیمار مبتلا به دیابت نوع 2 در شهر تهران مراجع‌کننده به پژوهشکده غدد درون‌ریز و متابولیسم در سال 1398 بوده که به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی انتخاب و به تصادف در دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل جای‌دهی شدند. به‌منظور جمع‌آوری داده‌ها هم پیش‌آزمون و هم پس‌آزمون از پرسشنامه سبک زندگی والکر (1997) و پرسشنامه سرمایه روان‌شناختی لوتانز (2007) استفاده شد. افراد به‌طور تصادفی در سه گروه 15 نفری (دو گروه آزمایشی و یک گروه کنترل) تقسیم شدند، گروه اول برنامه درمانی روان‌شناسی مثبت‌نگر (سلیگمن، 2006) که شامل 8 جلسه 60 دقیقه‌ای به شیوۀ گروهی را دریافت کردند، گروه دوم برنامه درمانی مصاحبه انگیزشی (میلر، 1983) 10 جلسه 45 دقیقه‌ای را دریافت کردند اما گروه کنترل، مداخله‌‌ای را دریافت نکردند.
نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که بین اثربخشی روش روان‌شناسی مثبت‌نگر و مصاحبه انگیزشی بر سرمایه روان‌شناختی و سبک زندگی تفاوت معناداری مشاهده شد (p<0/05). همچنین روش آموزش مصاحبه انگیزشی در خرده‌مقیاس‌های سبک زندگی (تغذیه، ورزش، مسئولیت‌پذیری در مورد سلامت، مدیریت استرس و خودشکوفایی) در افراد مبتلا به دیابت نوع 2 مؤثرتر از روش روان‌شناسی مثبت‌نگر بود. اما در خرده‌مقیاس حمایت بین‌فردی هیچ تفاوت معناداری بین دو رویکرد درمانی وجود نداشت. درضمن روش روان‌شناسی مثبت‌نگر بر خرده‌مقیاس‌های سرمایه روان‌شناختی (خودکارآمدی، امیدواری، تاب‌آوری و خوش‌بینی) در افراد مبتلا به دیابت نوع 2 به‌طور معناداری مؤثرتر از روش مصاحبه انگیزشی بود (p<0/05).
بحث و نتیجه ‏گیری: با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده روش روان‌شناسی مثبت‌نگر و مصاحبه انگیزشی به بهبود کیفیت سبک زندگی و سرمایه روان‌شناختی افراد مبتلا به دیابت نوع 2 بینجامد. پیشنهاد می‌شود در مراکز مشاوره و مراکز درمانی در مورد افراد مبتلا به دیابت به‌عنوان رویکردهای درمانی استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Positive Psychology and Motivational Interviewing on Lifestyle and Psychological Capital in People with Type 2 Diabetes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Hamid Hosseini Tavan 1
  • Mahboobe Taher 2
  • SH. Nuhi 3
  • Asadollah Rajab 4
1 PhD in psychology, Department of Psychology, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran .
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran
4 President of the Iranian Diabetes Association, Tehran. Iran .
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Diabetes is a chronic disease that requires long-term treatment, care, and lifestyle modification. In addition to biological mechanisms, psychological factors can play a role in diabetes. Positive psychological therapy and motivational interviewing seem to help. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of training based on positive psychology and motivational interview on psychological capital, lifestyle, and emotional distress in people with type 2 diabetes.
Method: his quasi-experimental research project is a pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population included 45 type 2 diabetes patients in 2019 in Tehran, referring to the Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute who were randomly selected and divided into two experimental groups and one control group. Both under-treatment groups were evaluated before and after the treatment using Walker's lifestyle questionnaire (1997) and psychological Capital Lotanz (2007) questionnaire, Subjects were randomly divided into three groups of 15 people (two experimental groups and one control group). The first group received a positive psychology approach (Seligman, 2006), for 8 sessions of 60 minutes. The second group received a motivational interview therapy approach (Miller, 1983), for 10 sessions of 45 minutes. But the control group did not receive any treatment.
Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of positive psychology training and motivational interviewing training on psychological capital and lifestyle (p<0/05). Also, motivational interview training is more effective in lifestyle subscales (nutrition, exercise, health responsibility, stress management, and self-actualization) in people with type 2 diabetes than in the positive psychology method. But in the interpersonal support subscale, there was no significant difference between the two training methods. In addition, the positive psychology training is significantly more effective than the motivational interview training on the subscales of psychological capital (self-efficacy, hope, resilience, and optimism) in people with type 2 diabetes (p<0/05).
Discussion and conclusion: The results showed both methods of positive psychology training and motivational interviewing training have a positive effect on the lifestyle and psychological capital of people with type 2 diabetes. So, it is suggested to be used in counseling centers and clinics for people with type 2 diabetes as a therapeutic approach.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • psychological capital
  • life style
  • emotional distress
  • positive psychological
  • motivational interview
  • type 2 diabetes patients

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