نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مشاوره، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 استادیار، گروه مشاوره، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
3 استادیار، گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد ابهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ابهر، ایران.
4 استاد، گروه مشاوره، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد ابهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ابهر، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Introduction: Marital infidelity is a significant source of distress in both personal and interpersonal aspects of couples' lives, often leading to the destruction of their relationships. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of psychodrama therapy and the Hold Me Tight relationship education program on rumination and psychological symptoms in women affected by marital infidelity.
Method: This semi-experimental study employed a pretest-posttest design with a control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population consisted of all women affected by marital infidelity who sought assistance at counseling centers in the first district of Tehran in 2022. In the initial stage, women were selected selected using a convenience sampling method then randomly divided assigned to two groups (each (15 women each) one control group (15 women) women). The groups underwent participated in therapy (10 sessions sessions, minutes) minutes each) hold‐me‐tight a Hold Me Tight relationship education (8 sessions sessions, minutes). minutes each). Data were collected using the Ruminative Response Scale of developed by Hoeksema & Morrow (1991) and symptom the Symptom Checklist-25 of by Najarian & Dawoodi (2001). Analysis Data analysis was conducted using repeated measures analysis variance with SPSS software version 28 28.
Results: The results indicated that both interventions had a significant impact on rumination and psychological symptoms (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the Bonferroni post hoc test revealed that the Hold-Me-Tight relationship education program was more effective in reducing rumination and psychological symptoms (P < 0.05).
Discussion and conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that psychodrama therapy and the Hold Me Tight relationship education program can be effective treatment methods for addressing rumination and psychological symptoms among women affected by marital infidelity.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Family is defined as a social unit that influences the personalities of its members, formed through the marital bond between a man and a woman. It can be argued that the desire for intimacy and love brings men and women together, leading to the establishment of a marital bond. A defining characteristic of marriage is the mutual commitment of both partners, which serves as the foundation of their shared life. Without this commitment, the mutual trust between spouses diminishes. Factors such as broken promises, marital dissatisfaction, and domestic violence further undermine trust and commitment, pushing marriages toward dissolution. Marital infidelity, which includes emotional, virtual, and especially sexual dimensions, occurs when one partner breaches marital vows by engaging in emotional or sexual relationships with someone outside the marriage. Research indicates that men are more likely to commit marital infidelity, often attributed to their generally higher sexual drive compared to women. One significant consequence experienced by women who have been betrayed is rumination; marital infidelity can exacerbate ruminative thoughts in the victimized spouse. Rumination is considered a transdiagnostic factor across various psychological disorders, activated and sustained by dysfunctional metacognitions. Rumination is defined as a passive and repetitive focus on negative emotions, where individuals dwell on their causes and consequences instead of seeking to change them. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of psychodrama therapy and the Hold Me Tight relationship education program on rumination and psychological symptoms in women affected by marital infidelity.
Method
This semi-experimental study employed a pretest-posttest design with a control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population consisted of all women affected by marital infidelity who sought assistance at counseling centers in the first district of Tehran in 2022. In the initial stage, 45 women were selected using a purposive sampling method and then randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15 women each) and one control group (15 women). The experimental groups participated in group psychodrama therapy (10 sessions, 90 minutes each) and a group program (8 sessions, 90 minutes each). To collect data, the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS) developed by Nolen-Hoeksema and Morrow (1991) and the Symptom Checklist-25 (SCL-25) created by Najarian and Dawoodi (2001) were utilized. This research employed descriptive statistics, including the mean and standard deviation, as well as inferential statistics, specifically analysis of variance with repeated measures. To be included in the study, women had to be married for at least six months to a year, be free of physical and psychological illnesses, and possess at least a high school diploma. Participants were excluded from the study if they were taking psychiatric or psychotropic medications, missed more than two training sessions, participated in other courses or treatment interventions concurrently with the study, had issues with substance abuse or smoking, or had a psychiatric disorder. Additionally, an analysis of variance with repeated measures (pre-test, post-test, and follow-up) was conducted, incorporating compassion-focused psychodrama therapy and the post hoc test and SPSS version 28 software were utilized for the analysis.
Results
According to the results, the mean age and standard deviation of the psychodrama therapy group were 31.13 years and 3.36 years, respectively. The mean age and standard deviation of the hold-me-tight relationship education program group were 32.20 years and 6.58 years, respectively. The mean age and standard deviation of the control group were 33.60 years and 1.83 years, respectively. The F statistic obtained from comparing the means of the three groups for the age variable was F = 0.658, which is not statistically significant (p = 0.523). This indicates that the three groups were similar in terms of age. Table 4 presents the frequency and percentage of education within the sample. The Chi-Square analysis statistic, which compares the frequency and percentage of the three groups in the education variable, is Chi-Square = 3.304. This result is not statistically significant (p = 0.914), indicating that the three groups are similar in terms of education. The results indicated that both interventions significantly affected rumination and psychological symptoms (P < 0.05). The difference between the pre-test and post-test means (intervention effect) and the difference between the pre-test and follow-up means (time effect) were both greater and more significant than the difference between the post-test and follow-up means (intervention stability effect). This finding suggests that psychodrama therapy and the Hold Me Tight relationship education program positively influenced rumination and psychopathological symptoms during the post-test phase, and that this effect persisted into the follow-up phase. Also, since the results obtained did not specify which treatment method caused the effects observed in the post-test and follow-up phases, nor which treatment method was more effective, the Bonferroni post-hoc test was employed to compare the effectiveness of the intervention groups. This test examined the differences in the effectiveness of psychodrama therapy and the Hold-Me-Tight relationship education program on rumination and psychopathological symptoms. Furthermore, the results of the Bonferroni post-hoc test indicated that the Hold-Me-Tight relationship education program is more effective in reducing rumination and psychological symptoms (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that psychodrama therapy and the Hold Me Tight relationship education program can be effective treatment methods for addressing rumination and psychological symptoms in women affected by marital infidelity. Based on the research findings, it is recommended that family counselors utilize the "Hold Me Tight" relationship enhancement training to address the challenges faced by women who have experienced marital infidelity, due to its demonstrated effectiveness. Consequently, in light of this study's findings, it is advised that specialized training courses incorporating the "Hold Me Tight" approach be made available to family counselors.
Ethical Considerations
Compliance with Ethical Guidelines: In this study, ethical considerations were meticulously observed, including: obtaining informed consent from women to participate in therapeutic interventions; assuring participants that their responses would not be analyzed individually but as part of a group, with confidentiality guaranteed and no access granted to any third party; explaining the study process to all participants; informing them about the study's objectives, the harmlessness of the intervention, and its potential benefits; clarifying the expertise and qualifications of the intervention providers; assuring participants of the scientific foundation of the method; and notifying them of their right to withdraw freely at any stage of the study. Participants were also informed that a competent organization, such as the university, would oversee the research process. Additional measures included emphasizing the voluntary nature of the study, providing answers to their questions, offering access to the results upon request, and ensuring that intensive therapeutic sessions would be made available to the control group after the follow-up phase. Furthermore, this study received ethical approval under the code IR.IAU.SRB.REC.1400.206 from the Ethics in Research Committee of the Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Funding: The study was conducted without the funding of any institution or organization.
Authors’ Contribution: The first author is the main researcher of this study. The second and third author is the supervisors and fourth author as advisor. This article is taken from a doctoral thesis of the first author.
Conflict of Interest: According to the authors, this article has no funding or conflict of interest.
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