مقایسه اثربخشی مداخلة مبتنی بر یوگا و مداخلة مثبت‌‏نگر بر شادکامی زنان باردار دارای تجربة سقط مکرر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی روان‌شناسی، گروه روان‌شناسی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه روان‌شناسی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران.

3 استاد، گروه بیماری‌های زنان و زایمان، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

4 استادیار، گروه مشاوره، دانشکدۀ علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، تبریز، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: یکی از مشکلات زنان با سقط جنین‌های مکرر، کاهش شادکامی می‌باشد. برای افزایش شادکامی این زنان روش‌های درمانی مختلفی وجود دارد که از جمله این روش‌ها، مداخله مبتنی بر یوگا و مداخله مثبت‌­نگر می‌باشد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر مقایسه اثربخشی مداخله مبتنی بر یوگا و مداخله مثبت­‌نگر بر شادکامی زنان باردار دارای تجربة سقط مکرر بود.
روش: روش پژوهش نیمه‌­آزمایشی با طرح پیش­‌آزمون، پس­آزمون وگروه کنترل، همراه با مرحله پیگیری ۲ماهه، انجام شد. جامعة آماری شامل کلیة زنان دارای تجربة سقط مکرر مراجعه‌کننده به مراکز بهداشت شهر قزوین در زمستان سال 1402 بود. در مرحلة نخست، تعداد 45 زن با سابقة­ بیش از دو بار سقط، به روش تصادفی ساده انتخاب و به طور تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش (هر گروه 15 نفر) و یک گروه کنترل (15 زن) جایگزین شدند. گروه‌‏های آزمایش تحت مداخله مبتنی بر یوگا (10 جلسه 90 دقیقه­ای) و مداخله مثبت­‌نگر (14 جلسه 90 دقیقه‌­ای) قرار گرفتند، در حالی که گروه کنترل هیچ‌گونه مداخله‌‏ای دریافت نکرد و در لیست انتظار باقی ماند. برای گردآوری داده‌ها از پرسش‌نامه شادکامی آکسفورد (OHQ) هیل و آرگیل استفاده شد. تحلیل داده‏‌ها با استفاده از نرم‏افزار SPSS نسخه 28  و تحلیل واریانس با اندازه‌­گیری مکرر انجام گرفت.
نتایج: نتایج نشان داد، هر دو مداخله تأثیر معناداری بر افزایش شادکامی داشتند (05/0>P). همچنین، نتایج آزمون تعقیبی بن‌­فرونی نشان داد که مداخله مثبت‌­نگر نسبت به مداخله مبتنی بر یوگا تأثیر بیشتری بر افزایش شادکامی دارد (05/0>P).
بحث و نتیجه‏‌گیری: براساس نتایج پژوهش، هر دو مداخله می‌توانند در بهبود شادکامی زنان دارای تجربة سقط مکرر اثربخش باشد، اما مداخله مثبت‌­نگر در بهبود شادکامی زنان دارای تجربة سقط مکرر از اثربخشی بیشتری برخوردار است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Comparative Study of the Effectiveness of Yoga-Based Intervention and Positive-Oriented Intervention on Happiness of Pregnant Women with Recurrent Abortion

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hoda Satari 1
  • Marziyeh Alivandi Vafa 2
  • Laya Farzadi 3
  • Amir Panahali 4
1 Ph.D. Student in Psychology, Department of Psychology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
3 Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: One of the challenges faced by women who experience recurrent abortion is a decrease decline happiness. There Various methods methods aim increase enhance happiness well-being these women, including yoga-based intervention interventions positive-oriented intervention. interventions. purpose of this study was to to conduct a study analysis the effectiveness of yoga-based intervention interventions positive-oriented intervention interventions on the of pregnant women with who have experienced.
Method: This semi-experimental study employed a pretest-posttest design with a control group and a follow-up period of two months. The statistical population consisted of all pregnant women experiencing recurrent abortion, abortion who visited centers of in city in during winter of 2023. In the first initial phase, women with experience of more than 2 recurrent abortion were selected and then randomly into assigned to two (15 women in each group) and a control one (15 women) were women). The underwent yoga-based participated in a (10 sessions of 90 minutes) and minutes each) and a (14 sessions of 90 minutes), but minutes each), while group received no training and remained in the waiting list. Data were collected using the questionnaire Happiness Questionnaire Hills developed by Argyle. Data analysis was performed using conducted software with software, employing variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni correction.
Results: The results of the study indicated that both interventions had a significant effect on happiness (P < 0.05). Additionally, the results of Bonferroni post hoc test revealed that the positive-oriented intervention had a greater impact on reducing unhappiness compared to the yoga-based intervention (P < 0.05).
Discussion and conclusion: It can be concluded that, in addition to the effectiveness of both treatments, prioritizing positive-oriented interventions is essential for improving the happiness of women who have experienced recurrent  abortions.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
According to the research findings, women who have undergone multiple abortions may experience issues such as stress, psychological distress, and anxiety. Additionally, in critical and essential research cases, it can be stated that if such studies are not conducted, I will be unable to gain insights into psychological disorders, particularly the issues faced by pregnant women who experience frequent miscarriages. If there is no psychological support to address the issues faced by these women, it can lead to further problems in their married lives, putting the couple's relationship at risk. This research is both important and necessary in the field of maternal health. Counseling centers, psychological services, fertility clinics, obstetrics and gynecology practices, midwives, and related healthcare professionals can utilize the findings of this study to address psychological issues, such as those related to safe pregnancies, among women who have experienced abortion. In conjunction with medical treatments aimed at improving delivery outcomes, the collaboration of psychologists and clinical consultants can significantly enhance the fertility and delivery experiences of these women. Conducting this research is essential from this perspective and offers numerous practical results and implications. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a yoga-based intervention and a positive-oriented intervention on the happiness of pregnant women with a history of recurrent abortion.
Method
This semi-experimental study utilized a pretest-posttest design with a control group and included a follow-up period of two months. The statistical population comprised all pregnant women experiencing recurrent abortion, and abortions who visited health centers in the city during winter of 2023. In the first stage, 45 women with a history of more than two recurrent abortions were selected and then divided into two groups (15 women in each group) and one group (15  women). The groups participated in an intervention and an intervention, but while control group received no training and remained in on a list. To collect data using the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) developed by Hills and Argyle, the following criteria were established for inclusion in the study: participants must have experienced recurrent abortions (defined as two or more), be aged between 25 and 45, provide to participate, have no history psychiatric medications, medication use, possess at least high school diploma to understand ensure comprehension of the study and not having any (indicating no successful history). Statistics, including standard deviation, were employed in this research, while statistics, including measures analysis of variance, were utilized for analysis. Additionally, the Bonferroni test and SPSS software version 28 were used to compare the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages.
Results
Based on the mean and standard deviation of the ages in the yoga-based intervention group, which are 34.07 and 5.27, respectively, the mean and standard deviation for the positivity intervention group are 31.67 and 5.63. The control group has a mean age of 33.67 and a standard deviation of 4.55. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was conducted to assess the homogeneity of age across the three groups, yielding an F-value of 0.929, which is not statistically significant (p = 0.403). This indicates that the three groups are homogeneous in terms of age. The results indicated that both the yoga-based intervention and the positive-oriented intervention significantly improved the happiness of pregnant women with a history of recurrent abortion. The following section presents a comparison of the pairwise comparisons across test stages (pre-test, post-test, follow-up) on the assessment of the results during the stage phase. According to yoga-based findings, both interventions positively impacted the pregnant women with recurrent abortion and its dimensions in their respective post-test and its therapeutic with lasting and remaining stable after for two months. The results also include the happiness outcomes regarding pregnant women with these women, aimed at identifying to results, and treatment options. The data revealed that the yoga-based difference in the happiness group and the control group is greater than the difference between the positive-oriented intervention group and the control group, which indicates that group. This suggests is more effective than the positive-oriented intervention on the happiness of pregnant in enhancing the with recurrent abortion.
Conclusion
The results of the Bonferroni post hoc test indicated that the positive-oriented intervention has a greater effect on reducing happiness than the yoga-based intervention. In explaining this result, it can be stated that positive individuals maintain an optimistic attitude toward their abilities. Rather than dwelling on past failures and the distressing experiences have had encountered, such as recurrent abortion, focus concentrate positive events. These women attribute their victories achievements successes to their their own In difficult challenging situations, they rely draw upon internal resources and activate engage in and constructive confrontations strategies to address. The locus of control for positive individuals is internal. These individuals have a strong belief in their close relationships with God and spiritual resources, which contributes to their high self-esteem and sense of inner worth.
Therefore, positive individuals believe that if all their emotions and feelings develop in proportion and moderation, they will become well-rounded individuals. Women who have experienced repeated miscarriages can adopt a more positive attitude and outlook on life, leading to greater happiness when they cultivate higher self-esteem, inner worth, optimism, and hope for the future compared to their previous state. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that a positive intervention is more effective than a yoga-based intervention in enhancing the happiness of pregnant women who have experienced recurrent abortion.
Ethical Considerations
Compliance with Ethical Guidelines: In this study, ethical considerations were meticulously observed, including: obtaining informed consent from pregnant women with recurrent abortion to participate in therapeutic interventions; assuring participants that their responses would not be analyzed individually but as part of a group, with confidentiality guaranteed and no access granted to any third party; explaining the study process to all participants; informing them about the study's objectives, the harmlessness of the intervention, and its potential benefits; clarifying the expertise and qualifications of the intervention providers; assuring participants of the scientific foundation of the method; and notifying them of their right to withdraw freely at any stage of the study. Participants were also informed that a competent organization, such as the university, would oversee the research process. Additional measures included emphasizing the voluntary nature of the study, providing answers to their questions, offering access to the results upon request, and ensuring that intensive therapeutic sessions would be made available to the control group after the follow-up phase. Furthermore, this study received ethical approval under the code IR.IAU.TABRIZ.REC.1402.174 from the Ethics in Research Committee of the Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch.
Funding: The study was conducted without the funding of any institution or organization.
Authors’ Contribution: The first author is the main researcher of this study. The second and third author is the supervisors and fourth author as advisor. This article is taken from a doctoral thesis of the first author.
Conflict of Interest: According to the authors, this article has no funding or conflict of interest.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • yoga-based intervention
  • positive-oriented intervention
  • happiness
  • recurrent abortion

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روانشناسی بالینی و شخصیت
دوره 23، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 44
فروردین 1404
صفحه 123-138

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