ارائه مدل ساختاری انزوای اجتماعی بر اساس سبک زندگی و خودکارآمدی با میانجی‌گری حمایت اجتماعی ادراک شده در سالمندان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری روان‌شناسی عمومی، گروه روان‌شناسی، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه روان‌شناسی، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران.

3 استاد گروه روان‌شناسی، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: انتقال به دورة سالمندی، نقطه عطف مهمی در زندگی است که می­تواند تأثیر قابل توجهی در رفتارهای بهداشتی، سلامتی و کیفیت زندگی افراد داشته باشد.
پژوهش حاضر با هدف  بررسی برازش مدل ساختاری «احساس تنهایی» و «انزوای اجتماعی»  در سالمندان براساس سبک زندگی و خودکارآمدی با میانجی­گری ادراک حمایت اجتماعی انجام شد.
روش: روش پژوهش حاضر از نوع توصیفی - همبستگی از نوع معادلات ساختاری است. جامعه آماری را سالمندان بالای 60 سال ساکن در سرای سالمندان شهر تهران در سال 1401 و 1402 تشکیل دادند. 300 نفر از آنان به روش نمونه­گیری تصادفی چندمرحله­ای انتخاب شدند. ابزارهای اندازه‌گیری شامل پرسشنامه‌های زیر بود:
                احساس تنهایی دی توماسو و همکاران  (2004)؛ انزوای اجتماعی در سالمندان لوبن (1988م) سبک زندگی سالم در سالمندان ایرانی توسط اسحاقی و همکاران (1388)؛ خودکارآمدی عمومی  (GSE-17)و شرر و همکاران (1982م) و حمایت اجتماعی ادراک شده (MSPSS)  زیمت، داهلم، زیمت و فارلی (1998م).
تحلیل داده­ها با استفاده از روش تحلیل ساختاری (SEM) و با بهره­گیری از نرم­افزار AMOS انجام گرفت.
نتایج: یافته‌های پژوهش عبارتند از: ضریب مسیرکل بین سبک زندگی(001/0= P ،520/0-=β) و خودکارآمدی (001/0= P ،329/0-=β) با انزوای اجتماعی منفی و معنادار؛ ضریب مسیر بین حمایت اجتماعی و انزوای اجتماعی نیز منفی و معنادار (001/0= P ،370/0-=β)؛ همچنین، ضریب مسیر غیر مستقیم بین سبک زندگی (001/0= P ،200/0-=β) و خودکارآمدی (001/0= P ،129/0-=β) با انزوای اجتماعی منفی و معنادار بود.
بحث و نتیجه‌­گیری: ادراک حمایت اجتماعی به صورت معناداری نقش میانجی بین سبک زندگی و خودکارآمدی با انزوای اجتماعی سالمندان را ایفا می‌‌کند.  

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Structural Model of Social Isolation Based on Lifestyle and Self-Efficacy Mediated by Perceived Social Support in the Elderly

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Sayyar Irani 1
  • Simin Bashardoust 2
  • Malek Mirhashmi 3
1 PhD student in General Psychology, Department of Psychology, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran.
3 Professor, Department of Psychology, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Introduction: Transitioning into old age is a significant milestone that can profoundly impact health behaviors, overall health, and quality of life. This study aims to examine the structural model of loneliness and social isolation in the elderly, focusing on the roles of lifestyle and self-efficacy, with perceived social support as a mediating factor.
Method: This study employed a descriptive research method with a correlational design, specifically utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM). The study population comprised elderly individuals aged over 60 years residing in nursing homes in Tehran during 2022 and 2023. A sample of 300 elderly residents was selected through a multi-stage random sampling technique. Loneliness was measured using the DiTommaso Loneliness Questionnaire (2004), social isolation was assessed with the Lubben Social Network Scale for the elderly (1988), lifestyle was evaluated using the Iranian Elderly Healthy Lifestyle Questionnaire developed by Eshaghi et al. (2009), self-efficacy was measured by the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE-17) by Sherer et al. (1982), and perceived social support was assessed using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) by Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet, and Farley (1998). Data analysis was conducted using SEM with AMOS software.
Result: The total path coefficients between lifestyle (P = 0.001, β = -0.520) and self-efficacy (P = 0.001, β = -0.329) with social isolation were negative and significant. The path coefficient between social support and social isolation was also negative and significant (P = 0.001, β = -0.370). Additionally, the indirect path coefficients between lifestyle (P = 0.001, β = -0.200) and self-efficacy (P = 0.001, β = -0.129) with social isolation were negative and significant.
Discussion and Conclusion: Perceived social support significantly and negatively mediates the relationship between lifestyle and self-efficacy and social isolation among the elderly.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Social Isolation
  • Lifestyle
  • Self-Efficacy
  • Social Support
  • Elderly

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