واکاوی پدیدار شناسانه ابعاد مثبت رشد پس از طلاق در زنان مطلقه شهر تهران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد گروه مطالعات زنان و خانواده، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی و اقتصاد، دانشگاه الزهرا(س). تهران. ایران.

2 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد روان‌شناسی شخصیت،دانشگاه آزاد، واحد تهران شمال،ایران.

3 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مطالعات زنان و خانواده. دانشکده علوم اجتماعی و اقتصاد ،دانشگاه الزهرا(س). تهران. ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه‌: گرچه رویدادهای استرس­زا  اغلب با تجربه‎های منفی مانند پریشانی روان­شناختی و برخی  اختلالات روانی مانند اختلال استرس پس‎از سانحه همراه­ هستند، اما برخی­از پژوهش‎ها نشان می‎دهند که این رویدادها می‌توانند به تقویت تحمل­روانی و فرصت‎های منحصر به­‎فردی برای رشد فردی منجر شوند. اصطلاح رشد پس‎از تروما [1](PTGI) به ‎تغییرات مثبت و سازنده‎ای گفته می‎شود که پس­از مواجهه با حوادث تروماتیک به‎وجود آمده ­است.
روش: با توجه­ به‎ شکاف تحقیقاتی موجود در زمینه اثرات مثبت مواجهه با طلاق درزنان مطلقه، این مطالعه باهدف شناسایی عوامل موثر بر رشد زنان مطلقه انجام شد. در این پژوهش پدیدارشناسانه[2] جامعه آماری شامل زنانی بود که با اذعان به رشد پس از طلاق و کسب نمره‌ای دو انحراف استاندارد بالاتر از میانگین در آزمون رشد پس ‎از آسیب تدسچی و کالهون  در سال 1402 انتخاب شدند. این افراد باید حداقل سه سال از زمان طلاقشان گذشته باشد. داده ها پس‎از مصاحبه با 15 نفر به ‎اشباع نظری رسید. روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته بود. تحلیل داده‌ها نیز با استفاده از  روش کلایزی[3] انجام شد.
نتایج: تجزیه و تحلیل مصاحبه‎ها منجربه ‎شناسایی 18 مقوله فرعی و 5 مقوله اصلی شد. یافته‌ها نشان دادند که رشد و شکوفایی پس‎از طلاق دارای پنج مؤلفه اصلی است: رشد و تحول فردی، اجتماعی، کسب استقلال، تغییر در نگرش و افزایش‎خود مراقبتی‌.
بحث و نتیجه گیری : نتایج این مطالعه نشان می دهد که زنان پس از پذیرش و‌گذر از رنج طلاق،  با گذشت زمان (عامل مداخله‌گر‌) و در بستری از عوامل درونی و بیرونی مانند اعتقادات مذهبی، حمایت خانواده، ویژگی‌های شخصیتی و با اتخاذ راهبردهای رشد آفرین از جمله مدیریت بحران و مهارت حل مسئله، مدیریت روابط بیناجنسیتی، خود مراقبتی و استفاده از پتانسیل‌های محیطی می‌توانند به رشد و شکوفایی دست یابند. یافته‌های این پژوهش می­‎تواند برای برنامه­ریزان و سیاست گذاران حوزه زنان و خانواده نیز مفید باشدحائز اهمیت باشد.
 
[1] Properties of Posttraumatic Growth Inventory.
[2] Phenomenology.
[3] Colaizzi.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Phenomenological Analysis of Positive Aspects of Post-Divorce Growth in Divorced Women in Tehran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehrangiz Shoaa Kazemi 1
  • Zahra Farahani 2
  • Maryam Yadollahi 3
  • Zahra Nazifi 3
1 Professor of Women and Family Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences and Economics, Alzahra University , Tehran, Iran.
2 Master's Degree in Personality Psychology, North Tehran Azad University, Tehran. Iran.
3 Master's Degree in Women and Family Studies. Faculty of Social Sciences and Economics, Al-Zahra University. Tehran. Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: While stressful life events are typically associated with negative outcomes, such as psychological distress and mental health disorders—including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)—emerging research suggests that these experiences may also foster resilience and provide unique opportunities for personal growth. The concept of Post-Traumatic Growth (PTG) refers to the positive psychological changes that occur as a result of struggling with highly challenging life circumstances.
 
Method: In light of the existing research gap regarding the positive effects of divorce on women, this study aimed to explore the factors contributing to post-divorce growth among divorced women. Employing a phenomenological research design, the study sample consisted of women who self-reported experiences of personal growth and scored at least two standard deviations above the mean on the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), developed by Tedeschi and Calhoun. Participants had been divorced for at least three years by 2023. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, and theoretical saturation was reached after interviewing 15 participants. Purposeful sampling was employed, and the data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven-step method.
 
Results: The analysis of the interviews resulted in the extraction of 18 subcategories and five overarching themes. These themes were: (1) personal development and transformation, (2) social growth, (3) attainment of independence, (4) shifts in attitudes and perspectives, and (5) enhanced self-care practices.
 
Discussion and Conclusion: The findings indicate that, following the acceptance and processing of the distress associated with divorce, women can achieve significant post-divorce growth and flourishing over time. This growth is mediated by both internal and external factors, including religious beliefs, family support, personality traits, and the adoption of growth-oriented strategies such as crisis management, problem-solving skills, interpersonal relationship management, self-care practices, and the utilization of environmental resources. These results provide valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners working in the fields of women's welfare and family support services.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Post-Traumatic Growth
  • Divorce
  • Divorced Women

مراجع

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