روانشناسی بالینی و شخصیت

روانشناسی بالینی و شخصیت

واکاوی پدیدار شناسانه ابعاد مثبت رشد پس از طلاق در زنان مطلقه شهر تهران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
مهرانگیز شعاع کاظمی 1
زهرا فراهانی 2
مریم یدالله ئی 3
زهرا نظیفی 3
1 استاد گروه مطالعات زنان و خانواده، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی و اقتصاد، دانشگاه الزهرا(س). تهران. ایران.
2 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد روان‌شناسی شخصیت،دانشگاه آزاد، واحد تهران شمال،ایران.
3 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مطالعات زنان و خانواده. دانشکده علوم اجتماعی و اقتصاد ،دانشگاه الزهرا(س). تهران. ایران.
10.22070/cpap.2025.18953.1517
چکیده
مقدمه: گرچه رویدادهای استرس‌­زا  اغلب با تجربه‎‌های منفی مانند پریشانی روان­‌شناختی و برخی  اختلالات روانی مانند اختلال استرس پس‎‌از سانحه همراه­ هستند، اما برخی‌­از پژوهش‌‎ها نشان می‎‌دهند که این رویدادها می‌توانند به تقویت تحمل­‌روانی و فرصت‎‌های منحصر به­‎‌فردی برای رشد فردی منجر شوند. اصطلاح رشد پس‌از تروما۱ (PTGI) به ‎تغییرات مثبت و سازنده‌‎ای گفته می‎‌شود که پس‌­از مواجهه با حوادث تروماتیک به‌‎وجود آمده ­است.
روش: با توجه­ به‎ شکاف تحقیقاتی موجود در زمینه اثرات مثبت مواجهه با طلاق درزنان مطلقه، این مطالعه باهدف شناسایی عوامل موثر بر رشد زنان مطلقه انجام شد. در این پژوهش پدیدارشناسانه۲ جامعه آماری شامل زنانی بود که با اذعان به رشد پس از طلاق و کسب نمره‌ای دو انحراف استاندارد بالاتر از میانگین در آزمون رشد پس ‎از آسیب تدسچی و کالهون  در سال 1402 انتخاب شدند. این افراد باید حداقل سه سال از زمان طلاقشان گذشته باشد. داده ها پس‌‎‌‌‌از مصاحبه با 15 نفر به ‎اشباع نظری رسید. روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته بود. تحلیل داده‌ها نیز با استفاده از  روش کلایزی۳ انجام شد.
نتایج: تجزیه و تحلیل مصاحبه‌‎ها منجربه ‎شناسایی 18 مقوله فرعی و 5 مقوله اصلی شد. یافته‌ها نشان دادند که رشد و شکوفایی پس‎از طلاق دارای پنج مؤلفه اصلی است: رشد و تحول فردی، اجتماعی، کسب استقلال، تغییر در نگرش و افزایش‎خود مراقبتی‌.
بحث و نتیجه‏‌گیری: نتایج این مطالعه نشان می دهد که زنان پس از پذیرش و‌گذر از رنج طلاق،  با گذشت زمان (عامل مداخله‌گر‌) و در بستری از عوامل درونی و بیرونی مانند اعتقادات مذهبی، حمایت خانواده، ویژگی‌های شخصیتی و با اتخاذ راهبردهای رشد آفرین از جمله مدیریت بحران و مهارت حل مسئله، مدیریت روابط بیناجنسیتی، خود مراقبتی و استفاده از پتانسیل‌های محیطی می‌توانند به رشد و شکوفایی دست یابند. یافته‌های این پژوهش می­‎تواند برای برنامه‌­ریزان و سیاست گذاران حوزه زنان و خانواده نیز مفید باشدحائز اهمیت باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
رشد پس‎از تروما
طلاق
زنان مطلقه

عنوان مقاله English

Phenomenological Analysis of Positive Aspects of Post-Divorce Growth in Divorced Women in Tehran

نویسندگان English

Mehrangiz Shoaa Kazemi 1
Zahra Farahani 2
Maryam Yadollahi 3
Zahra Nazifi 3
1 Professor of Women and Family Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences and Economics, Alzahra University , Tehran, Iran.
2 Master's Degree in Personality Psychology, North Tehran Azad University, Tehran. Iran.
3 Master's Degree in Women and Family Studies. Faculty of Social Sciences and Economics, AlZahra University. Tehran. Iran.
چکیده English

Introduction: While stressful life events are typically associated with negative outcomes, such as psychological distress and mental health disorders—including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)—emerging research suggests that these experiences may also foster resilience and provide unique opportunities for personal growth. The concept of Post-Traumatic Growth (PTG) refers to the positive psychological changes that occur as a result of struggling with highly challenging life circumstances.
 
Method: In light of the existing research gap regarding the positive effects of divorce on women, this study aimed to explore the factors contributing to post-divorce growth among divorced women. Employing a phenomenological research design, the study sample consisted of women who self-reported experiences of personal growth and scored at least two standard deviations above the mean on the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), developed by Tedeschi and Calhoun. Participants had been divorced for at least three years by 2023. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, and theoretical saturation was reached after interviewing 15 participants. Purposeful sampling was employed, and the data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven-step method.
 
Results: The analysis of the interviews resulted in the extraction of 18 subcategories and five overarching themes. These themes were: (1) personal development and transformation, (2) social growth, (3) attainment of independence, (4) shifts in attitudes and perspectives, and (5) enhanced self-care practices.
 
Discussion and Conclusion: The findings indicate that, following the acceptance and processing of the distress associated with divorce, women can achieve significant post-divorce growth and flourishing over time. This growth is mediated by both internal and external factors, including religious beliefs, family support, personality traits, and the adoption of growth-oriented strategies such as crisis management, problem-solving skills, interpersonal relationship management, self-care practices, and the utilization of environmental resources. These results provide valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners working in the fields of women's welfare and family support services.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Post-Traumatic Growth
Divorce
Divorced Women
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