شناسایی عوامل تقویتکننده و ارتقاء دهنده رضایت-مندی زناشویی در ازدواج سالم و پایدار: مطالعه کیفی مبتنی بر نظریة داده بنیاد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مشاوره، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران .

2 استادگروه روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران.

3 استادیار گروه روان‌شناسی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: رضایت زناشویی، نشانگر استحکام و کارایی نظام خانواده است. سلامت خانواده به وجود ارتباط سالم و بالنده وابسته است؛ بنابراین رضایتمندی زناشویی نقش بنیادین در شکل­‌گیری ازدواج سالم و پایدار دارد. براین اساس پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی عوامل مؤثر در رضایتمندی زناشویی انجام گردید.
روش: پژوهش حاضر، از نوع کیفی و روش داده بنیاد بوده است. جمعیت موردمطالعه، متخصصان مشاوره پیش از ازدواج بودند که سال 1400 در تهران فعالیت حرف‌ه­ای داشته و حداقل پنج سال سابقة مشاوره داشتند، از بین آنها 20 نفر در پژوهش حاضر شرکت داشتند. مشارکت کنندگان براساس نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و در دسترس انتخاب شدند. ابزار اصلی مطالعه کنونی پرسش‌های نیمه­‌ساختاریافته بوده است. تحلیل مصاحبه­‌ها به روش مقوله­ ­بندی(کدگذاری) انجام شد.
نتایج: تحلیل داده‌­ها به شناسایی ۲۵ کد باز و ۶ کد محوری و کد انتخابی «رضایتمندی زناشویی و ازدواج سالم و پایدار» منتهی شد. تحلیل یافته‌ها نشان داد، عوامل مختلفی در رضایتمندی زناشویی نقش دارند. ویژگی‌های شخصیتی ازعوامل تقویت­‌کننده و ارضای نیازهای اساسی و تقویت مهارت‌های ارتباطی از عوامل ارتقاء دهنده می­باشند. نتیجه به دست آمده ازپژوهش، ویژگی‌های شخصیتی (ثبات هیجانی، بالا بودن اعتماد بنفس، مسئولیت‌پذیری، انعطاف‌پذیری و وجدان اخلاقی)، ارضای نیازهای اساسی (نیاز به محبت و احترام، پیشرفت، دیده‌شدن، رابطه جنسی عمیق، نوازش و لمس) و تقویت مهارت‌های ارتباطی (مهارت گفتگو، حل تعارض، روابط بین‌فردی، همدلی و مدیریت استرس) دررضایتمندی زناشویی نقش مؤثری دارند. پیامدهای حاصل از پژوهش در سه سطح فردی (سلامت روانی)، زوجی (سازگاری، ثبات رابطه، کاهش فشارهای روانی) و اجتماعی (پیشگیری از طلاق عاطفی و رسمی ) مشاهده گردیده است.
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: نتیجه حاصل از شناسایی عوامل تقویت­‌کننده و ارتقاء­دهنده در رضایت زناشویی، نوعی کمک به مشاوران و روان‌شناسان جهت هدایت متقاضیان مشاوره ازدواج، برای شکل­‌گیری ازدواج پایدار، کاهش آسیب‌­ها با توجه به نظر خبرگان در فضای بومی ایران می­‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identifying Factors Enhancing and Promoting Marital Satisfaction in a Healthy and Stable Marriage: A Qualitative Study Based on Grounded Theory

نویسندگان [English]

  • Talat Ahangar 1
  • Ahmad Borjali 2
  • Mahdi Davaee 3
1 PHD Student, Consulting Department, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Psychology, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Marital satisfaction is a key indicator of the strength and effectiveness of the family system. The health of a family relies on the presence of a nurturing and evolving relationship; thus, marital satisfaction is essential for establishing a healthy and stable marriage. The present study was conducted to identify the factors that affect marital satisfaction.
Method: The present study employed a qualitative, data-driven approach. The study population consisted of premarital counseling specialists who had been professionally active in Tehran in 2021 and had a minimum of five years of counseling experience. A total of 20 specialists participated in the present study. Participants were selected using purposive and accessible sampling methods. The primary tool used in the current study was semi-structured interviews. The analysis of the interviews was conducted using a categorization (coding) method.
Results: Data analysis resulted in the identification of 25 open codes, 6 central codes, and a selected code of "marital satisfaction and a healthy, stable marriage." The analysis of the findings revealed that various factors contribute to marital satisfaction. Personality traits serve as reinforcing factors, while satisfying basic needs and strengthening communication skills act as enhancing factors. The results of the study indicate that personality traits—such as emotional stability, high self-confidence, responsibility, flexibility, and moral conscience—along with the fulfillment of basic needs (including the need for love and respect, personal growth, recognition, deep sexual relationships, and physical affection) and the enhancement of communication skills (such as conversational abilities, conflict resolution, interpersonal relationships, empathy, and stress management) significantly contribute to marital satisfaction. The outcomes of the study have been observed at three levels: individual (mental health), couple (adaptation, relationship stability, and reduction of psychological stress), and social (prevention of emotional and legal divorce).
Discussion and conclusion: Identifying the factors that enhance and promote marital satisfaction provides valuable insights for counselors and psychologists. This knowledge can assist them in guiding individuals seeking marriage counseling, fostering stable marriages, and mitigating potential harms, as suggested by experts in the Iranian context.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Famiy Health
  • Personality characteritics
  • Marital relations
  • Marital satisfaction
  • Marital Conflict

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