اثربخشی درمان چشم‌انداز زمان بر منبع کنترل و خودکارآمدی ترک افراد وابسته به مواد مخدر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی روان‌شناسی، گروه روان‌شناسی، واحد ایلام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایلام، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه روانشناسی، واحد ایلام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایلام، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه روان‌شناسی، واحد ایلام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایلام، ایران.

4 استادیار ، گروه روان‌شناسی، واحد ایلام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایلام، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: یکی از بزرگ‌ترین مشکلات جوامع انسانی معضل وابستگی به مواد است. بر همین اساس پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثربخشی درمان چشم‌­انداز زمان بر منبع ­کنترل و خودکارآمدی­‌ترک افراد وابسته به مواد مخدر انجام شد.
روش­: این پژوهش  از نوع شبه‌­آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌­آزمون - پس‌­آزمون و گروه کنترل  و دوره پیگیری دو ماهه است. جامعه آماری شامل تمامی افراد وابسته به مواد مخدر مراجعه‌­کننده به مراکز ترک اعتیاد شهر کرمانشاه در سال 1403 بودن. پس از غربالگری اولیه، 40 نفر براساس نمونه­‌گیری دردسترس انتخاب و به‌صورت تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل جایگزین شدند. ابزار گردآوری  داده‌­ها با پرسش‌نامه‌­های منبع کنترل (RLOC) و خودکارآمدی ترک (BQAS) بود. در ابتدا از هر دو گروه پیش­‌آزمون به عمل آمد، سپس گروه آزمایش در 6 جلسه 90 دقیقه‌­ای یک جلسه در هفته‌تخت درمان چشم‌انداز زمان قرار گرفت و گروه کنترل مداخله‌‌ای دریافت نکرد. پس از اتمام جلسات، از هر دو گروه پس‌­آزمون گرفته شد و پس از دو ماه مجدداً سنجش پیگیری در هر سه گروه اجرا شد. داده­‌ها با استفاده از تحلیل واریانس با اندازه‌­گیری مکرر و آزمون تعقیبی بونفرونی در سطح معناداری 05/0 با نرم‌­افزار SPSS-26 تحلیل شدند.
 نتایج: نتایج نشان داد اثر زمان (001/0>p)، اثر گروه (001/0>p) و اثر متقابل زمان و گروه (001/0>p)، بر نمرات منبع کنترل، خودکارآمدی ترک و خرده مقیاس‌­های آن معنادار بود؛ این یافته نشان‌­دهندة اثربخشی درمان چشم‌­انداز زمان بر منبع کنترل و خودکارآمدی ترک افراد وابسته به مواد مخدر در مراحل پس­‌آزمون و پیگیری نسبت به گروه کنترل است. همچنین، نتایج حاکی از تفاوت معنادار میانگین نمرات پیش­آزمون در متغیر منبع کنترل و خودکارآمدی ترک و خرده مقیاس­‌های آن با پس‌­آزمون و پیگیری در گروه آزمایش بود (001/0>p)؛ اما بین نمرات پس­‌آزمون و پیگیری تفاوت معناداری مشاهده نشد (05/0<p)؛ این امر، ماندگاری تأثیر درمان چشم‌­انداز زمان بر متغیرهای مورد بررسی را تأیید می‌کند.
بحث و نتیجه‌­گیری: به‌طور کلی نتایج نشان داد درمان چشم‌انداز زمان می‌تواند منبع کنترل را کاهش و خودکارآمدی ترک افراد وابسته به مواد مخدر را  افزایش دهد. توصیه می‌شود این روش درمانی توسط متخصصان حوزه اعتیاد در مراکز مشاوره و درمانی به کار گرفته شود تا به منظور کاهش منبع کنترل درونی و تقویت خودکارآمدی ترک،  در مراکز مشاوره و درمانی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effectiveness of Time Perspective Therapy on Locus of Control and Quitting Self-Efficacy in Drug Dependent Individuals

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hadis Valizadeh 1
  • Shahram Mami 2
  • Homeira Soleimannejad 3
  • Zeinab Mihandoost 4
1 PhD Student in Psychology, Department of Psychology, Ilam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Ilam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Ilam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Ilam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: One of the most significant challenges facing human societies is drug addiction. Accordingly, this study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Time Perspective Therapy (TPT) on locus of control and self-efficacy in individuals’ dependent on substances.
Method: The study population comprised all individuals with substance use disorder presenting at addiction treatment centers in Kermanshah in 2024. After initial screening and diagnosis, a convenience sample of 40 participants was randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. Data were collected using the Rotter's Locus of Control Scale (RLOC) and the Brief Questionnaire of Abstinence Self-Efficacy (BQAS) for substance-dependent individuals. Both groups completed a pretest; subsequently, the experimental group received six weekly 90-minute sessions of Trauma Processing Therapy (TPT), while the control group received no intervention. Posttest data were collected from both groups immediately after the intervention, with a follow-up assessment conducted two months later. Data analysis was performed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc tests at a significance level of 0.05, utilizing SPSS version 26 software.
Results: Significant main effects of time (p < 0.001), group (p < 0.001), and a significant time-by-group interaction effect (p < 0.001) were observed for locus of control and self-efficacy related to quitting in substance-dependent individuals, as well as their respective subscales. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of TPT on locus of control and self-efficacy for quitting among individuals with substance use disorder during posttest and follow-up assessments, compared to the control group. Furthermore, significant differences were found between pretest scores and both posttest and follow-up scores in the experimental group for locus of control, self-efficacy for quitting in substance-dependent individuals, and their subscales (p < 0.001). However, no significant difference was observed between posttest and follow-up scores for these variables (p > 0.05), suggesting the enduring impact of TPT on locus of control and self-efficacy for quitting in substance-dependent individuals.
Discussion and Conclusion: Overall, the findings suggest that TPT is effective in reducing an external locus of control and enhancing the self-efficacy of quitting in individuals with substance use disorder. It is recommended that TPT be implemented by specialists in counseling and treatment centers to decrease external locus of control and increase self-efficacy related to quitting.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Time Perspective Therapy
  • Locus of Control
  • Self-Efficacy of Quitting
  • Substance Dependence
  • Addiction

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