بررسی ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی پرسش‌نامه نگرانی‌های وجودی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای تخصصی روانشناسی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی ، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران ،ایران.

3 استادگروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.

چکیده

مقدمه: اضطراب وجودی، بیانگر دغدغه‌مندی انسان نسبت به نگرانی‌های غایی مانند مرگ، بی‌معنایی، تنهایی، احساس گناه، آزادی، مسئولیت و کیستی خودمان است. با توجه به ضرورت وجود ابزاری مناسب برای سنجش این نوع نگرانی‌های وجودی و نقایص روش‌شناختی ابزارهای موجود در جامعه ایرانی، پژوهش حاضربا هدف بررسی ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی نسخه فارسی پرسش‌نامه نگرانی‌های وجودی انجام شد.
روش: این مطالعه توصیفی - ارزشیابی بر روی  215 نفر از بزرگسالان ایرانی در بازه 18تا80 سال انجام گرفت که به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. شرکت‌کنندگان پرسش‌نامه نگرانی‌های وجودی، نسخه اصلاح‌شده نمایه نگرش به مرگ، نسخه کوتاه پرسش‌نامه صفات پنج‌گانه شخصیتی نئو، پرسش‌نامه 12 گویه‌ای عدم تحمل بلاتکلیفی و پرسش‌نامه معنا در زندگی را به صورت آنلاین تکمیل کردند. اعتبار پرسش‌نامه نگرانی‌های وجودی از طریق اعتبار سازه و اعتبار همزمان ارزیابی شد. برای سنجش پایایی ابزار از روش همسانی درونی و محاسبه ضرایب آلفای کرونباخ و امگا مک‎دونالد استفاده گردید. تحلیل‌های آماری با استفاده از نرم‌افزار IBM SPSS Statistics   نسخه27 انجام شد و برای تحلیل عاملی تأییدی از  بسته  lavaan در نرم‌افزار  R (نسخه 4.3.2) استفاده شد.
نتایج: تحلیل عاملی تأییدی از تک‌عاملی بودن مقیاس حمایت کرد. بارهای عاملی معنادارو مقیاس فورنل و لارکر (AVE+CR) نشان‌دهندة اعتبار همگرای مطلوب ابزار بودند. همبستگی مثبت و معنادار نگرانی‌های وجودی با ترس از مرگ، روان‌آزرده‌گرایی، عدم تحمل بلاتکلیفی و جستجوی معنا و همبستگی منفی آن با حضور معنا، اعتبار همزمان این ابزار را  تأیید کرد. مقادیر هر دو ضریب آلفای کرونباخ  و امگا مک‌دونالد برابر 77/0 گزارش شد.
بحث ونتیجه‌گیری: نتایج حاکی از آن است که نسخه فارسی پرسش‌نامه نگرانی‌های وجودی ابزاری معتبر و پایا برای سنجش اضطراب‌های وجودی به شمار می‌آید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Psychometric Properties of the Existential Concerns Questionnaire

نویسندگان [English]

  • Raheleh Hajihosseini 1
  • Hojjatollah Farahani, 2
  • Parviz Azadfallah 3
1 PhD Student in Psychology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Rahele.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities,Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Department, of Psychology- Tarbiat Modares University -Tehran-Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Existential anxiety is an expression of involvement with ultimate concerns such as death, meaninglessness, loneliness, guilt, freedom, responsibility, and the question of who we are. Considering the need for an appropriate tool to measure existential concerns and the methodological flaws of existing tools in Iranian society, this research aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Existential Concerns Questionnaire.
Method: The current research employs a descriptive-evaluative method. In this study, 215 Iranian adults aged 18 to 80 years were selected using a convenience sampling method. They completed an online questionnaire that included the Existential Concerns Questionnaire, Death Attitude Profile-Revised, NEO Five-Factor Inventory, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-12, and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire. The instrument's validity was assessed through construct validity and concurrent validity. Reliability was evaluated using internal consistency methods, calculating Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients. The statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 27, and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using the lavaan package in R (version 4.3.2).
Results: Results from the confirmatory factor analysis support the unifactorial structure of the scale. The significance of the factor loadings, along with the Fornell and Larcker criteria, demonstrated satisfactory convergent validity for the instrument. Additionally, the positive and significant correlations between existential concerns and fear of death, neuroticism, intolerance of uncertainty, and the search for meaning, as well as the negative and significant correlation between existential concerns and the presence of meaning, confirmed the instrument's concurrent validity. The values for both Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients were reported as 0.77.
Discussion and Conclusion: The results indicate that the Persian version of the Existential Concerns Questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for assessing existential anxieties.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • existential concerns
  • existential anxieties
  • psychometrics
  • validity
  • reliability

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